Why is organic matter crucial for healthy soils?
Written by
Kiana Okafor
Reviewed by
Prof. Samuel Fitzgerald, Ph.D.Organic matter is a key to healthy soil everywhere. This dark material turns dirt into metabolic systems that support the growth of plants. Without it, the soil becomes compacted and nutrient-deficient. Farmers and gardeners notice immediate effects, including improved organic matter, through the application of correct management practices.
Water retention is one of the most important functions of organic matter. Humus will hold as much as 20 times its weight in moisture, forming natural reservoirs during dry periods. Clay-organic complexes retain 15-18 times their weight in moisture, reducing the thé need for irrigation. This capacity ensures that crops and garden plants are protected against drought stress.
Structural Benefits
- Forms stable aggregates resisting erosion
- Creates pore spaces for root penetration
- Improves soil tilth for easier cultivation
- Reduces surface crusting after heavy rains
Biological Support
- Provides habitat for beneficial microorganisms
- Feeds earthworms that aerate soil
- Supports mycorrhizal fungal networks
- Creates balanced predator-prey relationships
Nutrient binding occurs via the cation exchange process. Organic particles attract potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions. After a rainfall, these minerals remain in the soil profile without leaching away. Plants gradually access this nutrient bank through root interactions with the soil over time.
Carbon storage plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change on a global scale. For every percentage increase in organic matter storage, a considerable amount of carbon from the atmosphere is sequestered. This natural process helps offset emissions of greenhouse gases from human activities. Adequately managed soils can become highly valuable environmental assets.
I have seen fields that have transitioned in three years from devastated to productive. Farm operators who use organic management sustainably improve yield and plant resilience. If you take care of your soil, your investment will pay off in lower input costs and healthier crops.
Read the full article: Soil Organic Matter: The Essential Guide
