What vegetation works best for erosion control?
Written by
Kiana Okafor
Reviewed by
Prof. Samuel Fitzgerald, Ph.D.The selection of vegetation for erosion control depends on site factors, including the degree of slope, the kind of soil, and the rainfall distribution. Different plants have different root types and growth forms, which effectively hold soil against the ravages of water runoff and wind. Whenever possible, plants should conform to their habitat for best results.
Steep Slopes
- Vetiver grass forms deep 3-4m roots within one growing season
- Stabilizes slopes up to 45% gradient resisting water flow
- Plant every 3-5m along contours for maximum coverage
- Costs $2-5 per linear meter for establishment
Arid Regions
- Native bunch grasses like blue grama survive drought conditions
- Fibrous root mats reduce wind erosion by 70%
- Require only 10-15cm annual rainfall once established
- Space plants 30-60cm apart for complete ground cover
Urban Settings
- Creeping ivy provides rapid coverage within 4 months
- Dense surface protection for slopes under 20% gradient
- Tolerates pollution and compacted soils common in cities
- Planting costs $3-8 per square meter
The types of roots determine the effectiveness of erosion control.*Vetiver grass* has deep roots going down to 4m that hold steeper slopes.*Creeping ivy* makes a thick matting on the surface, stopping sheet erosion.*Juniper shrubs* have networks of intermediate roots that catch soil between the deep and the shallow roots.
Mixing types of vegetation to provide multiple levels of support. Pair deep-rooted shrubs with surface covers for stabilization at different soil depths. Insert nitrogen-fixing legumes between erosion grasses and other vegetation to improve soil quality. With these combinations, there will be approximately 40% more resistance to erosion than if a single plant species were consistently used.
Pair plants with the amount of water availability. In high rain zones, plant moisture-loving ivy and vetiver. In arid zones, plant drought-tolerant native grasses. In low fertility sites, add nitrogen-fixing clover. Always choose species suited to your local rainfall patterns.
Proper establishment ensures success. Prepare the soil with compost before planting. Water new installations weekly during the first growing season. Control weeds around young plants. Mow perennial grasses yearly to promote root growth. Proper care can triple the lifespan of the vegetation.
Read the full article: 10 Soil Erosion Prevention Methods That Work
