What is the five-leaf rule for rose cuttings?
Written by
Tina Carter
Reviewed by
Prof. Martin Thorne, Ph.D.The five-leaf rule assists rose propagators in identifying stems that contain five-leaflet clusters, which indicate more mature growth. The stems contain the stored energy that initiates root growth. I adhere strictly to the five-leaf rule, even after the lesson from old rosarians emphasized the importance of following it. The results are consistently better than selecting stems haphazardly.
When selecting stems for cuttings, examine the area under the drooping leaves. You want stems that are full of growth hormones. Look for stems that are about as thick as a lead pencil, with stems that are alive and vigorous. It would be helpful to measure stem thickness with a pencil to be sure. This combo indicates the cutting is ready for takeoff.
Steer clear of three-leaflet clusters that suggest immature growth; these don't have enough energy reserves to support successful rooting and will often wilt in a few days regardless of supervision. Only select those stems with at least four leaflets per cluster. Five leaflets are optimal for propagating at maturity.
Stem Selection Criteria
- Five-leaflet clusters: Minimum requirement for maturity
- Pencil thickness: Approximately 1/4 inch (6mm) diameter
- Flexible green wood: Avoid woody brown stems
- Visible nodes: Minimum four nodes per 6-inch cutting
Timing Considerations
- Post-bloom period: 3-7 days after petals drop
- Morning harvest: When stems contain maximum moisture
- Seasonal timing: Best during spring growth flush
- Healthy plants only: Avoid stressed or diseased specimens
Carefully prepare cuttings from selected stems. Make angled cuts just above the top node and below the bottom node. This will maximize surface area for absorption of rooting hormone. Always use sharp, alcohol sterilized pruners to ensure a clean cut.
My greatest success came from a five-leaflet cutting of the 'Peace' rose. The roots developed twice as quickly as my three-leaflet cuttings from the same bush. Within five weeks, the cutting began to grow strongly and continued to do so for several years. This was when I solidified the usefulness of the five-leaflet rule.
Utilizing the five-leaf rule combined with other best practices for maximum success. Use rooting hormone immediately after cutting. Manage humidity and temperature during rooting. These additional techniques turn the five-leaf rule from a guideline to a guaranteed outcome.
Read the full article: How to Grow Roses from Cuttings
