How do plants prevent soil erosion?
Written by
Paul Reynolds
Reviewed by
Prof. Samuel Fitzgerald, Ph.D.Plants facilitate natural engineering systems, preventing soil erosion. Root structures can be thought of as underground anchors, fastening soil in place against rain and wind. Leaves protect the earth below them from raindrop impact by absorbing much of it. Rotting plant material serves to improve soil structure over time. All these mechanisms work together to promote stable land forms.
Root Binding Systems
- Taproots plunge 6+ feet deep locking soil layers
- Fibrous mats create surface nets trapping particles
- Rhizomes spread horizontally reinforcing slopes
Canopy Protection
- Leaves reduce raindrop impact by 40%
- Dense growth slows ground-level wind by 50-70%
- Evergreens maintain year-round soil coverage
The makeup of the soil is greatly changed by organic matter. The sediment will absorb water more effectively if the roots decay and form humus. This natural process also produces soils that are more compact and form stable aggregates, which are less susceptible to erosion. Fungi form adhesive substances that cement the soil particles together, and earthworms cultivate them by boring holes in them in a natural way.
Indigenous plants outperform exotics in controlling soil erosion. They develop more deeply rooted systems that are better suited to local conditions. This type of plant requires less water once established. They also do better under climate extremes than imported species. Always use plants suitable for your exact USDA hardiness zone.
Correct planting assures future success. Groundcovers should be spaced 12 to 18 inches on the slope. Compost should be used as an amendment, but without turning the soil under. The planting of small plants should be done during the middle seasons of the year for optimal root development. Straw mulch netted down should be used on the slopes.
Read the full article: 10 Best Erosion Control Plants for Your Landscape
