Can old seeds still germinate?

Old seeds often retain surprising viability if kept in proper cool, dry conditions. While their germination percentages decline with age, expiration dates indicate averages, not hard limits. Ripe seeds that have been properly stored may show 30-50% germination after 7 years or more. Old seeds should always be tested rather than discarded solely based on age.

The longevity of seeds is dramatically affected by how they are stored. Seeds stored at temperatures lower than 40°F (4°C) and humidity lower than 40% will last longest. Seeds can be stored in air-tight containers, preventing moisture damage. I have even been able to germinate some ten-year-old pepper seeds stored in my freezer. A constant cold environment will better reflect the integrity of the seed cells than a room temperature environment.

Seeds differ in their natural lengths of life. The seed of the onion does not remain viable for more than one to two years. The seed of lettuce is feasible for more than 5 years. Beans are generally good for a period of about 3 years, but they will sprout when they are older. However, the actual percentage of germination decreases with age. To determine the actual results from seeds approaching their life limit, tests should be made.

Evaluate seeds for germination or tetrazolium. If seeds test 30%-70% viable, you may pick 1 1/2-2 times as fast as otherwise, below 30%, considering replacement. I successfully raised carrots from 6-year-old seeds by doubling the space. The modification is well worth it if old seeds are to be relied upon.

Unique situations exist for seeds, such as the Arctic flower that produced a seed that sprouted after an age of 32,000 years. However, perfect conditions are needed, and most garden seeds will not last for decades. The emphasis of the tests should be on those seeds that are under ten years old. Seeds of age may be brought into harvest by the application of proper handling.

Read the full article: Seed Viability Test Guide: Ensure Your Seeds Grow